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Gypsy (musical)
''Gypsy'' is a 1959 musical with music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. ''Gypsy'' is loosely based on the 1957 memoirs of Gypsy Rose Lee, the famous striptease artist, and focuses on her mother, Rose, whose name has become synonymous with "the ultimate show business mother." It follows the dreams and efforts of Rose to raise two daughters to perform onstage and casts an affectionate eye on the hardships of show business life. The character of Louise is based on Lee, and the character of June is based on Lee's sister, the actress June Havoc.
The musical contains many songs that became popular standards, including "Everything's Coming up Roses", "Together (Wherever We Go)", "Small World", "Some People", "Let Me Entertain You", "All I Need Is the Girl", and "Rose's Turn". It is frequently considered one of the crowning achievements of the mid-20th century's conventional musical theatre art form, often called the "book musical".
''Gypsy'' has been referred to as the greatest American musical by numerous critics and writers, among them Ben Brantley ("what may be the greatest of all American musicals...")〔Brantley, Ben. ("New Momma Takes Charge" ). ''The New York Times''. May 2, 2003.〕 and Frank Rich.〔Rich, Frank (, November 17, 1989 ''The Hot Seat: Theater Criticism for The New York Times, 1980-1993''. Random House. 1998. ISBN 0-679-45300-8.〕 Rich wrote that "''Gypsy'' is nothing if not Broadway's own brassy, unlikely answer to 'King Lear.〔Rich, Frank ( November 17, 1989) ("Review/Theater; 'Gypsy' Is Back on Broadway With a Vengeance" ), ''The New York Times''〕 Theater critic Clive Barnes wrote that Gypsy' is one of the best of musicals..." and described the character of Rose as "one of the few truly complex characters in the American musical...."〔Barnes, Clive ( September 24, 1974) (Gypsy' Bounces Back With Zest and Lilt" ), ''The New York Times''〕
==Background==
A musical based on the memoirs of Gypsy Rose Lee was a project of producer David Merrick and actress Ethel Merman. Merrick had read a chapter of Lee's memoirs in ''Harper's Magazine'' and approached Lee to obtain the rights. Jerome Robbins was interested, and wanted Leland Hayward as co-producer; Merman also wanted Hayward to produce her next show.〔Millstein, Gilbert (May 17, 1959) "Culled From a Stripper's Past", ''The New York Times'', p. X1〕 Merrick and Hayward approached Arthur Laurents to write the book. As he relates, Laurents initially was not interested until he saw that the story was one of parents living their children's lives. Composers Irving Berlin and Cole Porter declined the project. Finally, Robbins asked Stephen Sondheim, who agreed to do it. Sondheim had worked with Robbins and Laurents on the musical ''West Side Story''. However, Merman did not want an unknown composer, and wanted Jule Styne to write the music. Although Sondheim initially refused to write only the lyrics, he was persuaded by Oscar Hammerstein to accept the job.〔Zadan, Craig (1986) ''Sondheim & Co.'', Second Edition, pp.37-39, pp.50-51, ISBN 0-06-015649-X〕
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